PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.